Phytochemical Screening And Biological Activity Of Essential Oils And Flavonoïds Of Aromatic Plant Salvia Officinalis L. In North-eastern Algeria

This study focuses on the evaluation of antibacterial biological activity of natural products of an aromatic plant in the north-eastern Algeria: Salvia officinalis L. or officinal Sage. To do this and after a phytochemical screening, essential oils and flavonoïds are extracted respectively by hydrodistillation and by organic solvents according to the method of Charaux and Paris 1954. These compounds are thereafter identified by GC/MS and TLC. Their antibacterial effect was determined, in vitro on Mueller-Hinton medium, towards several bacterial strains responsible for certain infectious diseases. The results showed that the isolated essential oil is characterized by a Chemotype with nineteen (19) terpene compounds with a prevalence of α-Thujone (about 37 %). Moreover, The TLC analysis of the obtained flavonoïque extract and the revelation by Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) of the observed different tasks showed the presence of three compounds or groups of flavonoïque compounds having frontal ratios between 0.128 and 0.928. The tests of antibacterial activity showed that growth inhibition varies according to the bacterial species and the concentration of the extracted natural product. In general, the essential oils have a very important inhibitory power against studied multiresistant germs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain proved to be very sensitive face to different concentrations of the obtained essential oils and flavonoïds with a maximum of inhibition of 37.08 and 45.92 mm of diameter respectively, followed by the Escherichia coli 1429 strain, Escherichia Coli 1554, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia whose recorded inhibition zones usually exceed 30 mm in diameter. These results are promising and provide a scientific validation as for the massive use of the plant Salvia officinalis L.