ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ

ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ ﻤﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ : ﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻲ .ﻓﻴﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺴﻴﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺤﻠﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻔﻀل ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ. ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺭﻜﺎﺌﺯ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺸﻌﺭﻩ ﻭﻓﻜﺭﻩ .ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ :ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﻭﻨﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﻭﻗﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺇﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻱ ﻟﺩﻴﻪ، ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ. ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺄﺕ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ، ﺒل ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻀﻤﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﻀﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ ﻤﻌﺒﺭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻤﻪ ﺒﻘﻀﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺭﺘﻘﻰ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ. This work tries to identify Mahmoud Darwish through a certain angle: his literary thinking. It highlights some of the intellectual dilemmas applied by the poet through his journey into the unknown as he preferred to call it. A particular focus will be on the problematic of the positions of the poet, his poetry and thinking. Among these positions: the function of the poet, his tendencies and existential concern, and the ideology of poetic discourse, and also handling some profound conclusions about Arabic and western poetry. Some of the conclusions reached by this study are: the works of Mahmoud Darwish did not come randomly, but subject to traditions and decrees laid down by the poet himself and his own application of his hypothetical conscience contract. Darwish expressed his commitment to his cause and ideology and his proper systematic literary thinking which elevated him from top to top.